Influenced by the October Revolution in Russia , the May 4th Movement , an anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism campaign triggered by patriotic students , broke out in 1919 ; the proletariat as a social class began to ascend the political stage . This campaign was recognized as a milestone in the modern Chinese history between the old democratic revolution and the new democratic revolution , bringing about the spread of Marxism-Leninism in China and its integration with the Chinese revolutionary practice . Both ideologically and organizationally the campaign served to prepare for the advent of the Communist Party of China.

　　In 1921 , Mao Zedong , Dong Biwu , Chen Tanqiu , He Shuheng , Wang Jingmei , Deng Enming , Li da etc ., representatives of the communist groups in different cities , held the first national assembly in Shanghai , leading to the birth of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ).

　　In 1924 , positive cooperation was carried out by Sun Yat-sen , pioneer of the Chinese democratic revolution and founder of the Chinese Nationalist Party ( Kuomingtang or KMT ) , and the Communist Party of China , for the purpose of jointly mobilizing the masses of industrial workers and peasants for making the northern expedition against the warlords . Shortly after the demise of Sun, the right-wing bloc of the Nationalist Party represented by Jiang Jieshi conducted a reactionary coup d’etat and recklessly massacred the communists and other revolutionaries， aborting the vigorous grand Revolution and setting up the tyrannous government of the Nationalist Party based in Nanjing . Henceforth, the Communist Party of China set out to lead the Chinese people to struggle against the reactionary rule of KMT in a ten-year-long land revolution war .

　　In July 1937, Japan started a full-scale war of aggression against China. The KMT armies waged an array of operations at the front battlefields, giving a crushing blow to the invaders. The Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army under the leadership of CPC opened up the rear-battlefields and launched a series of strenuous resistance against a greater proportion of the Japanese armies and almost all the puppet armies under most arduous conditions, exerting a decisive role in the final victory of the war Resistance against Japan.

In June 1946, Kuomingtang launched an all-round assault to the Liberated Areas under CPC, triggering a civil war on an unprecedented scale. To finally liberate all the Chinese people, the CPC armies and the populace in the Liberated Areas engaged in the nationwide Liberation War. Following the victories in the three gigantic battles won by the CPC forces (the Battle in Liaoning-Shenyang, the Battle in the Huai River Valley and the Battle in Tianjin and Beijing ) , the KMT government was finally overthrown and a historic victory of the new democratic revolution was achieved .